What is DNA?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. This is a chemical structure that forms chromosomes. A piece of a chromosome that dictates a particular trait (blond hair, blue eyes etc) is called a gene.
Structurally, DNA is a double helix: two strands of genetic material spiraled around each other. Each strand contains a sequence of bases (also called nucleotides). A base is one of four chemicals (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine).
DNA Fingerprinting.
Even more than a fingerprint, each person's "DNA fingerprint" is unique. While old-fashioned fingerprints record the wavy, whorled ridges on fingertips, DNA fingerprints record the chemistry of small sections of DNA in chromosomes.
Still, the DNA in every one of your cells codes for all of the thousands of proteins you need from conception to death.
Application of DNA Fingerprinting.
Personal Identification.
The notion of using DNA fingerprints as a sort of genetic bar code to identify individuals is now a reality. Technology advances allow us to take a 'swab' from the inside of someone's mouth. This test can even be done in the privacy of your own home. The swab is analysed by specialists and from this basic sample a DNA fingerprint can be provided, usually in the form of a bar code. This information can be transferred onto your Safe Kids Card and is accessed like any other document on the card.
Criminal Identification and Forensics.
DNA isolated from blood, hair, skin cells, or other genetic evidence left at the scene of a crime can be compared. With the DNA of a criminal suspect to determine guilt or innocence. Some DNA patterns are also useful in establishing the identity of a homicide victim, either from DNA found as evidence or from the body itself.
Why have a DNA Fingerprint?
Simply, you only have to do it once. The DNA in all of us will never change, from conception to beyond death. There are many ways to be identified but DNA is the definitive test.
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